What’s all the buzz about?

Bees, of course! Emily and I are really interested in having bees on the farm, to better pollenate all the plants and to maybe even give us some honey. Last month we were introduced to Terry, the local beekeeping expert, and he took me with him to the local beekeepers’ meeting. It was an interesting group of about a dozen men and women, most of whom are twice my age, who keep from two to twenty hives apiece. We talked about some regional pathogens that can harm bees, gossiped about the neighbors, and planned for this spring’s shipment of bees. They pool their order, and when the bees are ready in April, a few of them drive to the valley to pick up the load.  I IMMEDIATELY volunteered to go along… what excitement! A pickup winding through the mountains with several hundred thousand stinging insects in the back!

Of course, I don’t have any hives yet, but that didn’t dampen anyone’s enthusiasm for my participation. “Jim, you need a mentor,” Bob said in his slow and patient speech. He then looked at Terry, who it seems is held in esteem amongst them. Terry nodded and said he’d be happy to help me take care of my hives for the first year. Yes!

Up to this point, all I knew about bees is what I read in The Beekeeper’s Handbook, recommended to me as the best single definitive source on the art. (I guess this shows the power of books; I knew the answer to a few of the questions raised in the meeting before they were answered by the experts.) But that all changed last Saturday, when Emily and I attended Bee School, a one-day seminar hosted by the Lane County Beekeepers’ Association. My friend Andrew recommended it to me, and it was totally worth the tuition price and the three hour drive to get there. Lecture topics included equipment selection, hive management for our particular climate, pest management, and bee physiology. Some of the demonstrations were pretty hands-on, such as the session on constructing hive bodies and frames. It was super fun, and really gave a context to all I’d read beforehand.

I then called Terry after Bee School to ask him to mark me down for one “nuc” (a unit of bees) when the local group makes their order. Looks like we’ll have bees next month! Now I have to get off my duff and buy/put together the hive boxes and frames I’ll need to house my bees when they arrive. All the beekeepers say that it’s best to start with two hives, not just one, so there’s a backup if something goes wrong with one of them. After some consideration, we decided that were going to start with just one regardless, for financial reasons. But if we have any luck at all, I can save up and buy additional hive parts in the next few months, and maybe catch a swarm. It’s all the rage with beekeepers (swarm = free bees), and I already told Terry that I want to go with him if he gets a swarm call from the fire department/police.

Buzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.

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Trees to plant

It’s tree planting month! A few friends have approached me in the last few weeks about sponsoring a tree or two in the orchard, and this got me thinking that there might be others out there who would be interested as well. So, I’m sending out this list to let everyone know about the exciting things we’re going to plant, and maybe catch the imagination of any friends and family who would like to collaborate with us on creating a fantastic orchard. This is your chance to “Buy the Farm” as it were.

All the trees (except where noted) are from orchardists in Oregon or southern Washington, and all are varieties selected to be specifically compatible with the local weather and/ or pests in this region. In most cases, we’ve selected heirloom varieties that have been proven both tasty and resilient for generations, some going back as far as two centuries or more. All will be on semidwarf rootstock, meaning they will grow to be about 12-16 feet tall; small enough to be easily harvested, but heartier than a full dwarf tree. We will buy at least two of each type, to ensure good pollination for those that aren’t self-pollenating, and increased production for those that are.

$25 is the sponsorship price for each tree. We’re hoping to plant at least as many trees as are shown in the list, maybe more if we can afford it, because the more we get in this year, the more we will have in production when they start bearing in three or four years. And as you might imagine, a sponsorship comes with the promise that you can stop by and pick yourself one of your fruits any time you want! Even if you’re not interested in buying a tree, I want everyone to know what’s going on with the new orchard, because it’s very exciting for us. Here are this year’s trees, with descriptions from the catalogs mixed with notes by me (drum roll, please):

APPLES
“Gravenstein”: Very juicy and flavorful, this classic, early ripening variety makes the best cider and pies. Vigorous and reliable, Gravenstein produces abundant crops of large, red and green striped fruit. Discovered in 1669 in Denmark.
“Spitzenberg”: Discovered early in the 18th century near Esopus, New York, and is reputed to have been a favorite apple of Thomas Jefferson, who planted several of the trees at Monticello.
“Honeycrisp”: A large, round, scarlet red fruit with a yellow background, Honeycrisp is very crisp, juicy, and flavorful. Honeycrisp ripens in early September and can be stored for several months in cool storage. It grows and colors best in the Northwest and other northern regions of the U.S.
“Chehalis”: Very flavorful and great for fresh eating, this unique Northwest variety is a very large, beautiful, yellow fruit with crisp and juicy flesh. One of the best disease-resistant varieties, Chehalis ripens in mid to late September.

PEARS
“Orcas”: A very large and attractive yellow pear with carmine blush and smooth buttery flesh, Orcas is richly flavorful and very juicy. Discovered on Orcas Island, Washington, Orcas is well adapted to our Northwest growing conditions. Excellent for fresh eating, canning and drying, Orcas is very reliable and productive and ripens in early to mid-September.
“Brandy”: A pear for perry (pear cider, similar to hard apple cider, but with a wonderful pear aroma). Small pear, slightly larger than a Seckel, some russet with an attractive red blush. Makes a refreshing, medium acid, low tannin perry. From England in 1820.

PEACH  “Charlotte”:   Very resistant to Peach Leaf Curl and bears good crops of delicious fruit. Orange-red and semi-freestone, Charlotte fruit is sweet, juicy, and flavorful. Charlotte also appears to be particularly resistant to bacterial canker, a bark disease that can damage trees in our wet climate. [I also like it because it’s named after my niece]

APRICOT “Puget Gold”:  Probably the best Apricot for the Pacific Northwest, this Washington State U. introduction bears good crops of flavorful, large, orange-red fruit. An attractive, compact tree, Puget Gold grows 12-15 ft. in height.

CHERRY “Black Tartarian”:  Rated as one of the most flavorful cherries, Black Tartarian bears great crops of very dark red, juicy, sweet fruit. As a testimony to its happiness in our region, a Black Tartarian tree that was planted in Eugene, Oregon in 1860 is still alive and thriving. It may be the oldest and largest Sweet Cherry tree in the US and has been honored as a Heritage Tree.

PLUM “Italian”:  A sweet, dark purple, freestone plum with firm amber flesh, Italian is great for fresh eating and excellent for drying. Widely planted in the Northwest, it is productive, reliable and easy to grow. Italian ripens in late August.

PLUM “Bavay’s Gage”:  Exceptional, late-ripening variety. This very productive and self-fertile variety bears good crops of yellowish-green plums with candy-sweet, golden flesh. Bavay’s Gage ripens in late September and hangs on the tree for several weeks. Discovered in 1832.

FILBERT “Yamhill”:  This recent introduction from Oregon State University features an attractive, compact growth habit, good crops of delicious nuts, and total resistance to Eastern Filbert Blight.

ALMONDS: There is a local nursery that grows specially bred almods that were developed in the Ukraine that (supposedly) work in our coastal northern climate. I want to get a pair to see if it’s true.

OLIVE  “Arbequina”:  A new and valuable Spanish variety, Arbequina is a very attractive, naturally compact tree. Self-fertile and early ripening, Arbequina begins bearing the year after planting and makes gourmet quality olives and oil.

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The blueberries are planted

The weather, schedule, and several other factors finally aligned yesterday and we were able to plant the blueberry patch. I’m more excited about blueberries than anything else we’re going to plant this year, for a lot of reasons. First off, they’re YUMMY, and remind me of my childhood in Michigan, where they grow prolifically. They’re also really healthy, being high in antioxidants and vitamins. Blueberry plants are hardy, disease resistant, and bear fruit for 40 to 50 years; this sort of toughness probably comes from being a native North American species- unlike most of the fruits and vegetables we eat today.

There are a lot of cultivated varieties of blueberry out there, and we planted four of them: Earlyblue, Bluecrop, Chandler, and Darrow. Blueberries fruit better with the cross-pollination provided by different varieties in close proximity. I also selected varieties with slightly different but overlapping blooming schedules, so we can get about two months of continuous harvest. I imagine that some of the harvest will be of the “from the bush straight to my mouth” type. The only sadness is that I won’t get to eat any berries this year. Though they sometimes set fruit the first year, a good grower pinches off all the flowers the first time around to encourage more vigorous growth in the roots and stalks, reaping the rewards in much larger harvests the following years.

I was excited to learn that the soils in this area are unusual, in they satisfy the peculiar acidity needs of blueberries. I still need to add about four inches of sawdust mulch to the patch to hold in moisture, but there are several big sawmills in the area, and I hear that sawdust is an easy-to-get commodity. What we have working against us, however, is the deer and elk. They browse everything (except blackberries) right down to the ground. For now, we’ve put chickenwire cages around our plants, but at some point in the next few months, we’re going to have to shell out for a deer fence.

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The local community

Moving to a new place can be hard- making friends, finding out what’s going on, getting involved. We really lucked out in this area… while we’re working away to get the farm started, we’ve come across a zillion other fantastic way to get involved in the community and make new friends.

Today, for example, we helped in the biennial Nehalem Estuary Cleanup. We were tempted to not go out of laziness, but after organizing community cleanup days ourselves in Guatemala, we thought it’d be hypocritical. Then some of our local friends started talking about how they were going to do it, too, and then it turned into a big ole’ good time. Our team got to ride a boat out to an island in the middle of the bay, a place that I probably wouldn’t have been able to see any other way. It was great to be walking around in the wetlands at low tide, with the cool breeze and marshy smell and squidgy mud under your boot. It reminded me of hunting with Dad a quarter century ago.

At classWe’ve also been doing more “intellectual” things as well. Last weekend, Ginger at rEvolution Gardens hosted a seminar on how to better plan crop allocation and rotation, using computerized spreadsheets. It was fun and informative, and it was nice to see so many small-scale sustainable farmers living the dream.

Our battle with the blackberries rages on, but we’re giving them a break for now as we till up the soon-to-be blueberry patch. The roots from the blackberries are almost as much work to get rid of as the blackberries themselves, but now that we’re done with that too, we can put in the soil amendment. Our pH is 5.6, noormally considered pretty darn acidic. But for around here, that’s pretty lucky (Ginger’s is about 4.0) and still falls just barely within the recommended range for the acid-loving Blueberries. So, I will be adding lime to the vegetable beds, but the blueberry patch doesn’t need it. Yesterday I added a half pound of Borax and 20 pounds of bone meal to raise the B and P levels, respectively.

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The surprising FUN! plan that works

One of the hardest challenges for beginning farmers is financial. No one really wants to lend them money. However, with most of the country’s farmers over the age of 60, there is a growing need to get more people into the business, pronto. Luckily, society is starting to head off the disaster before it occurs, and several groups fund grants, education, and other aid for beginning farmers.

Several months back, we encountered a fantastic opportunity sponsored by a local nonprofit in conjunction with the Oregon state government. It’s a three-to-one matching grant for new businesses in food production and distribution. We were each awarded a grant, which will be a big help to us a few years from now when the grant matures.

As part of the grant’s requirements, we have to attent some financial literacy classes. So far, the classes are pretty general and conceptual. This week, we talked a lot about financial goalsetting, and each of us in the class made collages to represent our long-term goals. The results are generally kept private, but they were so interesting (especially when you compare Emily’s and mine) that I am going to post ours. You can click on them to get a larget version. Enjoy!

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Investing, Pacific Northwest style

I just got this interesting article from a friend. It addresses one of the big problems in modern-day, non-industrial agriculture: financing. Most traditional lending institutions aren’t interested in small agribusinesses. As a result, people like us have to be creative in that area as well. It’s refreshing to see that some investors sympathize with the need to support local food systems, aren’t araid to try something slightly “alternative,” and are also interested in reaping the collalteral benefits of being associated with small scale sustainable agriculture. My favorite quote:

Those of us who have invested get 7% return per year… IN CHEESE!  We get a cheese card.  I can show you my cheese card, right here….”

Of course, they get an ROI that is equal to or better than other more traditional investment routes too, just like any other small business would give. That’s encouraging to read, because we are probably going to need similar support some time in the next few years. As it is, we’ve already had several individuals offer to help us acquire rootstock, seeds, and so forth, with them receiving a part of our product as payback. That’s a pretty good deal for everyone: we do the work, they get quality eats. The aforementioned investments are like that, but on a much larger scale.

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Test results are in

Soil sample results are in. After some consultation with the extensionist, it looks like we’re OK for the most part. Most elements are within tolerance. I’m going to have to spread Borax to increase the boron level (and get good broccoli & potatoes), and bone meal to raise the phosphorus level. Also, they suggest spreading lime to raise the pH if I want to grow anything except blueberries. I like blueberries, but not enough to grow them alone. So, the veggie plot will also get about 750 pounds of hydrated lime.

I hope to finish clearing the site this weekend. Hopefully the great weather holds out. (for you suffering through Snowmageddon in the midwest, it’s been sunny and in the 60s all week)

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Mechanical Muscle

The Big SnagThe really environmental purists frown on using diesel to get work done on a sustainable farm, but sometimes, it’s just too practical. The site where we’re going to plant the orchard is in pretty rough shape; it was logged several years ago, and is now covered with stumps and deadfall hidden under snarls of wild grasses. It’s not as bad as the blackberries on the field where we’re going to plant the vegetables, but it’s still a bunch of work. I spent a few days last week cutting the grass back and hauling out sticks, branches, and logs so we can get in there to plant the trees (the stumps are staying). Some of the wood will actually be useful for fence posts or as cordwood, but the majority of it is so far gone that it’s not good for anything, and must be burned. I threw much of it on the deadwood pile, for a big bonfire at a later date. Using my axe and machete, I cut several 8-12 inch diameter logs into poles about 8 feet long, and set them aside.

Go, Farmer Ryan, Go!The really big logs, though, were beyond my ability. That’s when I called in reinforcements: Farmer Ryan and his trusty bobcat. The bobcat isn’t great because it does a job human muscles can’t do; it’s great because it does it 10 times faster and 10 times stronger. I don’t plan on calling for this heavy equipment often, but when it’s need, it’s a huge help. Look at that massive tree bole he’s moving! This is Oregon, home of Big Wood.

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Soil samples

Today I took soils samples to send to the lab. I really don’t know a lot about it, so I had a meeting with the OSU extensionist a few weeks back. She was very helpful, and began by telling me how to dig the sample holes and that I should take samples from several sites, mixing them to get a good overall average sample for my field. This all seemed pretty basic to me and I would have probably figured it out for myself. But the real help was when she told me things specific to Tillamook county, her area of expertise in all things agricultural.

“Here’s a list of labs you can use,” she said, handing me one of several handouts she had for just the occasion. She went on to explain that in our area, many of the soils are deficient in boron, so I needed to specifically request that test, in addition to the more routine testes for pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. She added that nitrogen testing was not very useful, since that’s going to change yearly with amendments anyway, and I shouldn’t bother with it.

Many of the testing labs also, as part of the soil report, tell you what you need to add to your soil to get it as healthy as it can be. It would be nice if it said “nothing, your soil is perfect” but that seems optimistic. But I feel optimistic! Everywhere I dug, I encountered loose, rich smelling soil filled with worms and rootlets. That’s what you get after a decade or two of blackberries and grassland growing on ancient cow pasture.

I have a double-bagged my two pound sample of earth in Ziplocks, and will stick it in the mail tomorrow. I’m nervous and excited to see the results; kindof like waiting to hear how I did on my SATs.

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I guess that was timely

The last post talked a bit about food security and health, two topics that continue to interest us. It keeps coming up in our day-to-day lives; Emily just read in a magazine that 49 million people in the US suffer from hunger, food insecurity, or inadequate access to food. That’s quite a lot for such a wealthy country as ours.

A Peace Corps (not Peace Crops!) friend of mine just sent me a link to a really cool video that cleverly illustrates the global trend of life expectancy and wealth, by country, over the last two centuries. I  love it because I am a graphics geek, but it’s so well done (by the BBC, of course) that it will appeal to almost everyone. It’s short, so make with the clicking. I know you won’t be disappointed.

Oh, and you can play with the graph interactively by clicking here.

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